The Justice Department has launched a strong legal offensive by issuing subpoenas to thirteen prominent law firms tied to controversial agreements made during Donald Trump’s second term. These subpoenas demand that the firms’ senior leaders provide testimony and share communications related to arrangements that aimed to block executive orders deemed damaging to these firms.

Among the targeted firms, nine entered deals pledging nearly a billion dollars’ worth of free legal work toward causes favored by Trump. These deals reportedly helped prevent executive actions that would have severely impacted the firms’ operations. Meanwhile, four other subpoenaed firms challenged Trump’s executive orders through court litigation. Despite this mix of cooperation and opposition, many of the firms maintained lucrative relationships with the White House during this period.

The subpoenas focus in part on communications with Boris Epshteyn, Trump’s personal attorney, and Steve Bannon, a close ally of the former president. The American Bar Association’s recent lawsuit heightened scrutiny on Epshteyn’s involvement in negotiating these arrangements. The Justice Department’s demands seek to apply pressure on the law firms analogous to the intense legal focus directed at Epshteyn through earlier subpoenas.